Writing And Fear Public Speaking - 881 Words

For the final project, I would like to write a paper. I would prefer to do this opinion because I enjoy writing and fear public speaking. The midterm paper was fairly easy for me to complete, as I am good at sitting down and concentrating on one subject for a long time. Additionally, I love expressing myself through words. As an introvert with slight anxiety, the idea of public speaking is terrifying. While I have no problems saying my opinions in class, I do not like standing in front of a group of people. It is intimidating, and I would rather not force myself into a situation that will make me uncomfortable. The topic that I would most like to talk about during the second part of class is same-sex marriage. This subject will make an interesting point for discussion and will spark debate, which is a vital part of philosophy class. I would love to talk about something that I care about so much in an academic setting. It would be fascinating to hear why people support or disapprove o f the practice. I am a firm believer that gender does not matter when it comes to love, and want to find a way to express how much love means to me. When people who are meant to be together find each other, it is beautiful and almost otherworldly. They should not be denied the right to be happy because of their gender. Love is the most powerful force on earth, and just because the idea of two men or two women together makes certain members of Congress uncomfortable is no reason to prevent itShow MoreRelatedInformal Learning Experience734 Words   |  3 Pagesthis study is to examine an informal learning experience such as how someone might have a fear of height or how a particular food or smell moves the individual emotionally or why someone develops the fear of elevators. For the purpose of this study the reason an individual would fear public speaking is examined and the importance of informal learning for gaining experience and confidence in public speaking. Informal Learning I. The informal learning experience was examined by the late Urie BrofenbrennerRead MoreOvercoming Fear of Public Speaking822 Words   |  4 PagesKhatri Date: Jan 29, 2014 Subject: Proposal to write a report on how to overcome the fear of Public Speaking. Purpose To help individual overcome the fear of Public Speaking by understanding their fear and taking the plunge to get over those fears. We purpose to research and write a background report on the issues involved on overcoming the fear of public speaking. Background of the Problem Public speaking is not a talent that anyone could have. In fact, it is a way of learning skills andRead MoreI Am Not A Writer787 Words   |  4 Pagesexperience with writing. Writing was never of interest to me and I deemed it unimportant. I tried to avoid it as much as possible. The only experience I have with writing is high school English, which was more focused on Literature, a couple of two to three page papers for a psychology and literature classes I took last year, and a college writing class I took last semester and didn’t receive a satisfactory grade. I’ve been through enough experiences to know the importance of writing and that I amRead MoreDealing With Public Speaking Essay1062 Words   |  5 PagesCOMMUNICATION ANXIETY is very common in the world of PUBLIC SPEAKING mainly because of fear. Maybe the speaker is not sure how the audience will accept or feel about their message, so the in the result of this fear ends up becoming sweaty palms, scrambled thou ghts, and stuttering from the speaker, and as for the audience, skeptical thoughts. The good news is that by implementing distinctive steps within fundamentals, delivery, and research, once fearful speakers can generate massive confidenceRead MoreIt is widely known that in EFL learning situations, many students â€Å"exhibit fear of foreign language1300 Words   |  6 PagesIt is widely known that in EFL learning situations, many students â€Å"exhibit fear of foreign language speaking† (Yaikhong Usaha, 2012, p. 23). In Asian countries, EFL learners suffer even more in language classroom anxiety because of insufficient language environment. According to Scovel (1978), anxiety in language learning is â€Å"a state of apprehension, a vague fear† (p. 134). Such anxiety may exist in many aspects of language learning process. Language classroom anxiety is one of the most commonRead MoreFear of public speaking Essay1389 Words   |  6 Pagesdeep breath, you stumble thro ugh the speech. When it’s finally over, you practically run back to your seat, cheeks flaming bright red. You slump down, already dreading the next time you’ll have to deal with your upmost fear: public speaking. For as long as I can remember, public speaking has always been one of my greatest weaknesses. Whether it’s a simple in-class presentation or a speech in front of an auditorium filled with people, I can barely get my words out from the anxiety and stress. I’ve alwaysRead MoreReflection Of Public Speaking706 Words   |  3 Pagesadequate public speaker but, I’m considerably better writing papers than speaking in front of an audience. My time in this class is forcing me to confront aspects of public speaking that I’ve never attempted before. I believe that I’m gaining a great deal of knowledge from this class thus far, but I have a few things to learn to advance my public speaking skills. Currently, I have strong points and weak points that I’m working on, and hoping to develop further during my time in class. Public speakingRead MoreImportance Of Writing On Writing1351 Words   |  6 Pagesinstills fears that you will never live up to a standard set in your mind or one that’s been set for you by others.† This quote accurately describes my relationship with writing. A significant part of my fears and apprehensions about writing relate to creating that perfect paper. I consume too much time judging if what I have written is good enough for the reader, as well as for myself based on my standards. It is important that I recognize how the value in expressing my ideas in writing could potentiallyRead MoreA Different Perspective Of Public Speaking1619 Words   |  7 Pagesperspective of public speaking. In the grand scheme of education, effective speaking is common. But more often than not, professors fail to offer students the tools they need to construct and deliver a speech. You could say that I m somewhat hypercritical, but I expect the majority of my professors to grasp the essence of public speaking. Nonetheless, now that I ve spent this semester implementing various argumentative techniques, I ve seen one of my professors misinterpret public speaking. There wasRead MorePresentation Fears And Lack Of Self Confidence1452 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Presentation fears is when students feel intimidated to present their work in front of their class due to lack of self-confidence. According to Martinuzzi on his article on â€Å"11 Easy Ways to Finally Overcome Your Fear of Public Speaking†, attribute the success of a presentation to the ability to stand and be heard (February 01, 2013). He also attributes the reasons for an unsuccessful presentation to the inability of the presenters to confidently stand before the audience and speak out

Implementing Learning Communities At The Community College...

Introduction Many students start college and end up either dropping out or taking an exuberant amount of time to complete. This is especially true for the community colleges, where the majority of the students are commuters, a large portion work and some have family obligations. Many institutions have started addressing these circumstances by creating learning communities. The idea of implementing learning communities at the community college level can be the change that is needed for the success of these students. In order to execute this change, an understanding needs to be developed for the needs of the organization, in this case Citrus Community College in Glendora, California. The resources need to be identified, including the†¦show more content†¦The students in the learning communities will take some courses together, often with a common theme link. There are at least five basic models of learning communities that share three common factors: shared knowledge, sha red knowing and shared responsibility (Rao, 2005). The courses are linked together and the students can share knowledge with each other. By sharing this knowledge the students enrolled in the classes together, get to know each other due to the fact they are together more often. The students become dependent on each other to get work accomplished and this shared responsibility helps the students learn to collaborate. The five basic models include linked courses, learning clusters, coordinated studies program (CSP), freshman interest groups (FIG) and federated learning community (FLC) (Rao, 2005). I would like to implement the freshman interest group as one of the models of the learning community, into the academia at Citrus Community College. It entails three freshman courses being linked together, usually involving an area of interest. Weekly peer advising session will be held where the students can meet and discuss their coursework, professors, and college life in general. O ne of the courses that all students would be required to take is a general course called â€Å"College 101.† This course involves various aspects of college life such as student success, develop and transition into college. Each week a topic is discussed

Modelling of Milk Emulsion Drying in Spray Dryers

Question: What is the Modelling of Milk Emulsion Drying in Spray Dryers? Answer: Introduction In this report we will discuss about the concept of modeling of milk emulsion drying in spray dryers. The milk emulsion drying is an industrial process which is used for producing powdered milk. This process is performed with the help of spray dryers. The spray drying process is a method to produce a dry powder from a liquid or slurry by using a hot gas. It is most preferred method of drying. Therefore, in case of milk emulsion drying process to produce milk powder spray drying process is implemented in steps with the help of spray dryers. The purpose of making this report is to discuss background, aims, objectives, literature review and methodologies of modeling of milk emulsion drying in spray dryers. Following is the figure of powdered milk production (Threlfall-Holmes, 2009). Figure: Flow Chart of Powered Milk Production As in above figure we can see use of spray dryers in production of milk powered and it is a complete flow chart of milk emulsion drying in spray dryers. Discussion The delivery of raw milk from farms consists of its inspection and the base of this inspection is legal regulation of chemical, bacteriological composition and sensorial. Once approval is got from this first step then clarification of milk emulsion is done through separators, heat exchangers are used for heat purpose and then storage is done in tanks at 4C. In last step, the ratio of milk fat is adjusted to total solids and final product is developed as per requirements. Now, in next segments of report we will emphasize on above mentioned concepts in detail such as background, aims, literature review etc. It is necessary to thoroughly understand overall process of milk emulsion drying. Background The spray drying equipment and techniques were developed over a period of several decades from 1870s. The technique of spray drying for modeling milk emulsion for drying was come during World War II. The reason for using this technique was sudden need to reduce the weight of transport of food and other materials. While analyzing about milk emulsion for drying in spray dryers, we got to know about some initial assumptions regarding this process and these assumptions have been following for long time (Birchal, Passos, 2005). Those assumptions are listed as below: According to first assumption of milk emulsion drying in spray dryers is that top of the dryer chamber are used to inject hot gas and milk suspension in it at constant rate. Another assumption about process of milk emulsion is that the gas phase that is formed of air and vapor behaves as a perfect mixture and also flows inside the dryers. The suspension under this process of milk emulsion for drying is homogeneous, uniform drops and atomized forming spherical and inside the chamber these are well mixed without interacting with one another. Next assumption regarding milk emulsion is that the flow of heat is from hot air to drops or particles. The gradients of temperature inside the particles are insignificant. The drying rate at individual basis is described by water evaporation and transfer from a single particle to the gas phase (Focus on Powder Coatings, 2003). These above discussed assumptions are considered important to successfully handle this process of milk emulsion for drying in spray dryers. These assumptions are not new for industries those deal in milk emulsion for drying. Before start discussion about aims of milk emulsion drying, we would like to discuss about spray drying process that is used for milk emulsion. Therefore, in next segment we will emphasize on this essential concept. Spray Drying Process for Milk Emulsion There are five major steps of spray drying that are required to follow for milk emulsion and those steps are listed as below: Concentration Atomization Droplet-Air Contact Droplet Drying Separation Concentration: Under this step, prior to introduction feedstock is highly concentrated into spray dryer. Atomization: This is another essential step of spray drying process and at this stage of atomization the optimum condition for evaporation to a dried product that have desired characteristics, is created. (Birchal, Huang, Mujumdar, Passos, 2006). Droplet-Air Contact: Under this step, atomized liquid is brought into contact of hot gas and it results in the evaporation more than 95% of water that is contained in the droplets. Droplet Drying: Under this step, moisture evaporation is done in two stages. During first stage, a sufficient amount of moisture is found in drop to replace the liquid evaporated at the surface and evaporation occurs at constant rate. When there is no longer moisture to maintain saturated conditions at surface of droplet then second stage starts. Lack of moisture causes a dried shell to form at the surface. In this case, evaporation depends on the dissemination of moisture through the shell and it is increasing in thickness. Separation: For final separation stage, cyclones, bag filters and electrostatic precipitators are used. For purification and to cool the air wet scrubbers are used (Nath, Satpathy, 1998). Therefore, by implementing above discussed step, spray drying process is implemented successfully for milk emulsion (Bandhari, 1994). Aims or objectives The process of milk emulsion for drying is not an easy process to perform and the aim of this process is to provide an ideal product with better quality standards such as size of particle, distribution, bulk density, remaining moisture content and morphology. The powdered milk has various application areas where it is used for making food and other confectionary products. To achieve this aim, spray dryers provide appropriate help (Marinos-Kouris, Maroulis, Kiranoudis, 1998). Literature Review As we have discussed above basic information about modelling of milk emulsion drying and from this we got to know that how basic steps are implemented in this process to produce powdered milk. There are various research studies available on this topic that provide lots of essential information about milk emulsion. In literature review, major discussion topics are related to milk emulsion includes spray drying technology, its characterization, modeling and simulation etc. The discussion about these topics will help to understand process of milk emulsion and uses of spray dryers. It is an important segment of this report (Martins, Siqueira, Freitas, 2012). The most important point that is discussed in most of literature review is model development that is used in process of milk emulsion drying for spray dryers. The main things that are involved in development of this model are a set of constitutive algebraic equations and these equations describe mass and transfer of heat between gas and a single particle, drying kinetics of a single particle that is surrounded by gas and the function of particle residence time distribution insider the chamber (Danviriyakul, McClements, Decker, Nawar, Chinachoti, 2002). Besides model development, the literatures also have reviews for spray drying technology. According to Gharsallaoui, Spray drying process have some advantages that it can be designed according to any capacity required. The operation of spray drying technology is continuous and can adapt full automatic control (Gharsallaoui, Roudaut, Chambin, Voilley, Saurel, 2007). Both heat-resistant and heat-sensitive products can be used for spray drying technology. There are also some limitations that are found by researchers in case of spray drying technology. According to Katta Gauvin, the concerned limitations are limited flexibility in producing structures with complex morphologies and quick drug release rates that exhibit a burst effect. While researching about spray drying technology for milk emulsion, we have found critical parameters of spray drying. In this report, it is essential to discuss about those critical parameters that makes spray drying process important (Gauvin, Katta, 1976 ). Inlet Temperature of Air This critical parameter of spray drying technology, researcher Michael defines that as much as higher the temperature of inlet air, the moisture evaporation will be faster. But in this case, powder is exposed to higher temperature and this will alter the both chemical and physical properties of products that are heat sensitive (Michael, 1993). Outlet Temperature of Air About this critical parameter, Maury defines that sizing of powder recovery equipments are governed by outlet temperature of air. As much as temperature of outlet will higher, larger the size of powder recovery equipment. The final moisture content of powder is controlled by outlet air (Maury, Murphy, Kumar, Shi, Lee, 2005). Viscosity The high viscosity delays correct drop formation. As much as velocity will lower, lesser the energy. Also, pressure is required to form a pattern for spray. Solid Content According to this critical factor of spray drying, care is required in this process with high solid loadings and it is necessary to maintain proper atomization that can ensure correct droplet formation. Surface Tension The addition of a small amount of surfactant has potential to lower the surface tension. This provide result in a wide spray pattern, higher drop velocity and smaller droplet size. Like above discussed elements, Feed Temperature, Volatility of Solvent and Nozzle Material are also considered as critical element of spray drying process. In this way, by using these critical elements spray drying process performs milk emulsion drying. The process of milk emulsion has now improved. Various new technologies and techniques have introduced to enhance process of milk emulsion drying in spray drying and these innovative techniques include spray drying for stable injectable liquid formation, encapsulation, granulation, bioavailability and inhalation and controlling of release products. Methodologies In previous sections of this report, we have discussed various essential concepts regarding milk emulsion drying in spray dryer such as its background, development model, aims and literature reviews. From this information we got to know that how spray drying technique is used for milk emulsion and how and when it was started. Now in this segment of report, we are going to discuss about methodologies that are used for milk emulsion. It is an essential topic that is required to discuss in this report. According to analysis, we got to know that numerical methods are highly preferred for solving model equations that are used in model development for implementing milk emulsion process (Klinkesorn, Sophanodora, Chinachoti, Decker, McClements, 2006). Numerical methods are highly preferred due to complexity of the differential-algebraic equation system i.e. DAE. According to authors, serious convergence problems were found while simulating the beginning of drying process. On the behalf of t hese arguments it was sufficient to support the proposal of a new method that can solve problem of DAE system directly. In this new method DASSL code is applied. By using the backward differential method, it was possible for DASSL code to transform DAE system into set of algebraic equations and solution for these algebraic equations is obtained by Newton methods. The code was developed in FORTRAN language that was integrated into FORTRAN program and it contains initial conditions. In this way, by using numerical methods, the computation for implementing spray drying for milk emulsion was done. This computation is cumbersome and required appropriate use of numerical methods (Birchal, Huang, Mujumdar, Passos, 2006). Conclusion In this report, we have done detailed study of milk emulsion drying in spray dryers and on the behalf of above study we obtain some results. On the behalf of above study we can say that the development model satisfactorily describes the response variables and this is done under continuous operations. Besides this appropriate use of numerical methodologies will help to perform numerical tasks in spray drying process and better outcomes can get. This study provides insight about characteristics of spray drying and how by using its critical factors, this technique is implementing milk emulsion. Beside these current impact of spray drying process, its future impacts will also be better, because in future multistage processes, temperature-gradient systems and new spray techniques will be used. The designs of traditional equipments will become more and more advanced. In future, the versatility, output capacity, continuous operations and controllability all desire features will be availabl e in spray drying and due to this it will become easier to modeling milk emulsion drying. Presently this technique is most exciting technology in case of pharmaceutical industry and other industries. The reason for this is its quality standards for complying end product (Schuck, Mjean, Dolivet, Jeantet, 2005). References Threlfall-Holmes, P. (2009). Spray Dryer Modelling (1st ed.). Heriot-Watt University. Birchal, V., Passos, M. (2005). Modeling and simulation of milk emulsion drying in spray dryers. Brazilian Journal Of Chemical Engineering, 22(2), 293-302. https://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0104-66322005000200018 Birchal, V., Huang, L., Mujumdar, A., Passos, M. (2006). Spray Dryers: Modeling and Simulation. Drying Technology, 24(3), 359-371. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07373930600564431 Gharsallaoui, A., Roudaut, G., Chambin, O., Voilley, A., Saurel, R. (2007). Applications of spray-drying in microencapsulation of food ingredients: An overview. Food Research International, 40(9), 1107-1121. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2007.07.004 Gauvin, W., Katta, S. (1976). Basic concepts of spray dryer design. Aiche Journal, 22(4), 713-724. https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690220413 Maury, M., Murphy, K., Kumar, S., Shi, L., Lee, G. (2005). Effects of process variables on the powder yield of spray-dried trehalose on a laboratory spray-dryer. European Journal Of Pharmaceutics And Biopharmaceutics, 59(3), 565-573. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpb.2004.10.002 Martins, R., Siqueira, S., Freitas, L. (2012). Spray Congealing of Pharmaceuticals: Study on Production of Solid Dispersions Using Box-Behnken Design. Drying Technology, 30(9), 935-945. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07373937.2011.633251 Michael, JK (1993). Spray drying and spray congealing of pharmaceuticals. In: Encyclopedia of pharmaceutical technology. Marcel Dekker INC, NY,14, 207-221. Klinkesorn, U., Sophanodora, P., Chinachoti, P., Decker, E., McClements, D. (2006). Characterization of spray-dried tuna oil emulsified in two-layered interfacial membranes prepared using electrostatic layer-by-layer deposition. Food Research International, 39(4), 449-457. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2005.09.008 Danviriyakul, S., McClements, D., Decker, E., Nawar, W., Chinachoti, P. (2002). Physical Stability of Spray-Dried Milk Fat Emulsion as Affected by Emulsifiers and Processing Conditions. Journal Of Food Science, 67(6), 2183-2189. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.2002.tb09524.x Schuck, P., Mjean, S., Dolivet, A., Jeantet, R. (2005). Thermohygrometric sensor: A tool for optimizing the spray drying process. Innovative Food Science Emerging Technologies, 6(1), 45-50. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ifset.2004.10.001 Marinos-Kouris, D., Maroulis, Z., Kiranoudis, C. (1998). MODELING, SIMULATION AND DESIGN OF CONVECTIVE INDUSTRIAL DRYERS. Drying Technology, 16(6), 993-1026. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07373939808917451 Birchal, V., Huang, L., Mujumdar, A., Passos, M. (2006). Spray Dryers: Modeling and Simulation. Drying Technology, 24(3), 359-371. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07373930600564431 Nath, S., Satpathy, G. (1998). A SYSTEMATIC APPROACH FOR INVESTIGATION OF SPRAY DRYING PROCESSES. Drying Technology, 16(6), 1173-1193. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07373939808917459 Focus On Powder Coatings (2003). Spray drying employed in new production process for acrylic powder coating, 2003(12), 6-7. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1364-5439(03)00027-3 BANDHARI, B. (1994). STUDY OF LEAFLASH SPRAY-DRYING PROCESS FOR FOOD DRYING. Drying Technology, 12(1-2), 429-429. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07373939408959966

Working for the Youth Essay Example

Working for the Youth Essay Establishing a social group to help the out-of-school-youth is one way to help the youth attain their dreams and be productive members of the society. While this would take a lot of effort and determination from volunteer groups, doing this would bring about some changes in the lives of the beneficiaries and their families. In this paper, we elaborate on the ten considerations posted by Author in establishing and facilitating a group. We apply each consideration to the establishing or a group committed to serve the out-of-school-youth. Working for the Youth Establishing a community group to help out-of-school youth will be one great contribution to the improvement of our nation. However, establishing a group is not an easy task. One needs relevant knowledge, skills, and determination to ensure the success of the group. Author (year) offers ten considerations every group should take when establishing and facilitating a group. Taking a look at these could help a lot to make the group carry out its tasks properly. We will write a custom essay sample on Working for the Youth specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Working for the Youth specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Working for the Youth specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer First, Author suggests anticipating the positives and negatives of working together as a group. In establishing a group for out-of-school youth, the group should anticipate that not all the members have the same motive for joining, and not all are equally committed. Ideally, the members should have a common passion (World Vision Canada Web site, 2008). But since this is not possible, the members should be prepared for negative consequences to come about. For instance, the founder of the group may simply want to help the youth, while others want to serve their own purpose. In the case of establishing a group for the out-of-school youth, some could expect to benefit from the activities by having the right to do referrals of their relatives and friends. Also, some could think of using the group to earn societal influence and power especially when they are running for elections. To avoid this, the group should clarify with the member the purpose for joining, and make sure each understand s the goals of the group. In addition, the group members cannot expect the leader to be all-knowing and always be available. Leaders have other activities to attend to aside from the concerns of the group. Therefore, it will help if members could share in the responsibilities as they may be assigned. The positive things that the group can expect is the fulfillment each one can feel when they are able to accomplish their goals. If the group works hard, they could expect to help out-of-school youth by making them finish schooling and work at the same time. Next, the group should consider undergoing different phases or cycles. Author claims that just like the life cycle, each group will go through childhood, adolescence, adulthood, old age, and retirement. The out-of-school youth group to be established will initially go through difficulties of finding members, encouraging the youth to take part, finding resources to finance the activities, and making the youth achieve their goals. When it is already fully established, it will need to sustain support to its members by finding additional resources and recruits. Later on, it might also need to add services or people. In each stage, assessing performance against the goals is needed to document the difficulties and success in each cycle. The third consideration is to keep focused on the goals. Each member needs to know why the group for out-of-school youth is founded. As a social and recreational group, its main goal is to respond to the needs of the out-of-school youth to obtain education and guidance. Secondary to it are the desire to keep them away from drugs by providing recreational activities, and helping them earn a living. The fourth consideration is to identify activities of the group. These activities include maintenance activities and program activities. The first includes the work of the staff, such as setting up the place of work, collaborating, finding sponsors, making a newsletter or other forms of communication. Program activities are those from which the out-of-school youth would benefit. These may include educating them and designing programs to sustain their interest in the group. It is important to ensure they have the basic necessities in life, and make them feel accepted and loved. Being out-of-school, some of them may already be working at a young age. Therefore, aside from food, shelter and clothing, some may need time to play and express themselves through art. In this consideration, it might help to provide art classes and games where they would enjoy and find other means of self-fulfillment. The fifth consideration is to identify who may take part in the group. Definitely, there should be a leader to hold the group and guide it towards its goals. In the group to be created, there should be at least five members of the staff to initialize the planning and design stage. Being the beneficiaries, the out-of-school youth also play a key part. As such, there should be a target from the start of who will receive the benefits. Coordinating with community officials will help identify the youth needing intervention, and the support group willing to help in the project. The fifth consideration is the structure by which the group will accomplish its goals. Without a planned structure, achieving the goals of the group will be unclear. As such, the group should set the structure during the first phase, in order to identify roles and responsibilities of the key persons.   Structures can be easily defined according to the purpose they serve. In the group to be created, two structures are very clear: one is the education structure, and the other is the recreational structure. Those with relevant skills in education should be assigned in the first structure, while those who have experience holding recreational activities for the youth should be assigned of the second. This way, the goal of providing education and guidance to the beneficiaries will be sustained. The sixth consideration concerns the leader of the group. Importantly, the role of the designated leader should be identified. Doing this would also determine the kind of leadership role the group needs. In the group for out-of-school youth, the task-centered leader is needed to attain success. The leader of the group should have pertinent knowledge and skills to identify the needs of the group, gain resources, designate roles accordingly, arrive at the best communication system, and maximize participation from all stakeholders. Although the leader may be very knowledgeable and skilled, the help of the members should be equally valued. As such, the leader must maintain rapport with the members and two shall support each other in every undertaking. Finding a good working environment is the next consideration. As the group focuses on out-of-school youth, the meeting place or office should be near the dwelling of the beneficiaries. It should be free from any obstructions, and must provide room for recreational activities in the future. In addition, it should be free from hazards as taking care of the youth involves other safety requirements not found in adult environments. The way the leader would communicate with the members is also another important consideration. Open line communication is ideal for every social and recreational group. Importantly, the leader should serve as the model to the members in setting up an ideal environment where people can express their ideas and feelings in relation to the affairs of the group. To do this, the leader should employ ways to make each member express oneself. For example, in meetings, the members should be given a chance to raise their suggestions. This way, not all decisions would come from the leader but from the members as well. Moreover, in assessing the performance of the group, appreciation should be give to the relevant person, making all feel the importance of hard work and productivity. Mehra (2006) points out that the leader’s external communication skill is also necessary. This means that aside from communicating internally, the leader should also establish communication from outside networks especially those that can help in the organization. Freeman (2005) confirms the advantage of establishing social networks not just of the leader but also the members. Furthermore, members of the group should support each other verbally and nonverbally. Since the group to be created composes of two apparent structures, the members of each should have bonding with their group as well as with the others. The structures should not be a way to divide the members, instead it should serve as opportunity for support and appreciation. The assessment part where the group considers how well they perform is the last but not the least in Author’s suggestions. Assessment can sometimes create factions or conflicts in groups. To avoid this, respect should be exercised, especially in verbal language. The author points out that members should carefully construct statements when addressing others. For example, instead of saying, â€Å"You ignored me† one can say, â€Å"I felt ignored.† Notice that the change in the initial word from â€Å"you† to â€Å"I† could make a big difference. With these considerations come hard work and fun. In every situation, the group to be established should always make it a point to enjoy what they are doing so the work does not seem like work but a way to have fun. ASSIGNMENT 2 One of the groups that I joined was a religious group where I had a chance to teach people in the streets. The group did not actually intend to teach the Bible. Instead, we had basic math, language, art, and science. I was assigned of teaching language to kids in the street. I gained a lot from this experience and until now I still value the learning that I had. Just like any group, our group went through four stages as Tuckman (year) suggests. First, I saw it â€Å"forming.† During this stage, the leader of the group went about recruiting people who can commit some of their time during the weekends to teach street folks. Everyone joined in the planning where we had some â€Å"storming† or ideas. We tried to identify what needs to be taught in the subjects mentioned. The leader set up meetings for us to express our ideas and together come up with a standard. Each one was heard, regardless of the time we joined the team. During â€Å"norming† stage, we got more acquainted with each other. By this time we were very already very comfortable to express ourselves, and confide in each other. Also, the people we were already well acquainted with us, and they expected us to come at a certain time in the designated area. Next stage was the â€Å"performing† stage. When everything has been planned accordingly, we were ready —schedule, materials, target students, etc., we were prepared to teach. We bought our materials and taught the street people the basic lessons that we designed. For my part, I taught the people some words, then gave them exercises on sentence construction, then guided them to write a paragraph to express themselves. The people were very happy for what we did for them. One of the men even expressed that they benefited a lot from the activities. Also, the efforts we made allowed them to express themselves. As for us, we learned important insights about life in the streets, and the problem of lack of education. During assessments, we were happy to report our accomplishments, and recognized each other’s hard work and patience.† The lessons I learned from the organization I joined are truly valuable. However, just like some groups, ours reached its â€Å"adjourning.† As the members of group got married and later had kids to take care of, we soon had to give up the community service but we vowed to still be of service to those we will meet in the future.